Everything about Matthias Gallas totally explained
Gallas redirects here. For the African ethnic group, see Oromo. For the French footballer, see William Gallas.
Matthias Gallas, Graf von Campo und Herzog von Lucera (Count of Campo, Duke of Lucera) (
1584-
1647),
Austrian soldier, first saw service in
Flanders, and in Savoy with the Spaniards, and subsequently joined the forces of the
Catholic League as captain during the
Thirty Years' War.
On the general outbreak of hostilities in Germany, Gallas, as colonel of an infantry regiment, distinguished himself, especially at the battle of Stadtlohn (1623). In 1630 he was serving as General-Feldwachtmeister under
Count Collalto in
Italy, and was mainly instrumental in the capture of
Mantua in the
War of Mantuan Succession. Made count of the Empire for this service, he returned to Germany for the campaign against
Gustavus Adolphus. In command of a corps of
Wallenstein's army, he covered Bohemia against the Swedes in 1631-1632, and served at the Alte Veste near Nuremberg, and at
Lützen. Further good service against
Bernhard of Saxe-Weimar commended General Gallas to the notice of the emperor, who made him lieutenant-general in his own army.
Upon being approached by Joachim Friedrich von Blumenthal at the Emperor Ferdinand's behest, he became one of the chief conspirators against Wallenstein, and after the tragedy of Eger was appointed to the command of the army which Wallenstein had formed and led. At the great
battle of Nördlingen (
August 23,
1634) in which the army of Sweden was almost annihilated, Gallas commanded the victorious Imperialists. His next command was in
Lorraine, but even the Moselle valley had suffered so much from the ravages of war that his army perished of want. Still more was this the case in northern Germany, where Gallas commanded against the Swedish
general Banér in 1637 and 1638. At first driving the Swedes before him, in the end he made a complete failure of the campaign, lost his command, and was subject to much ridicule.
It was, however, rather the indiscipline of his men (the baneful legacy of Wallenstein's methods) than his own faults which brought about his disastrous retreat across North Germany, and at a moment of crisis he was recalled to endeavour to stop
Torstenson's victorious advance, only to be shut up in
Magdeburg, whence he escaped with the barest remnant of his forces. Once more relieved of his command, he was again recalled to make head against the Swedes in 1645 (after their victory at Jankow). Before long, old and warworn, he resigned his command, and died in 1647 at Vienna. His army had earned for itself the reputation of being the most cruel and rapacious force even in the
Thirty Years' War, and his
Merode Bruder have survived in the word
marauder.
Like many other generals of that period, he'd acquired much wealth and great territorial possessions (the latter mostly his share of Wallenstein's estates). He was the founder of the Austrian family of Clam-Gallas, which furnished many distinguished soldiers to the Imperial army.
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